Mutualistic Self-Alteration: Human-Pigeon Assemblages in Rural Pakistan

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In colonial India, the British conceived the Indian enthusiasm of flying pigeons as a wasteful sport. Such colonial disregard for pigeon flying exists in present-day Pakistan, where millions of pigeon flyers are viewed as “useless” people who waste countless hours on their rooftops with their birds. Developing on Naiyer Masud’s famous short story “The Myna from Peacock Garden”, this essay challenges these assumptions and suggests that birds in colonial and postcolonial South Asia should not be seen as passive objects; rather, they emerge as active actors whose close association allow people to transform their self. The essay explicates the daily choices of pigeon flyers, their embodied affection and entangled attachment with pigeons, and their understanding of life to argue that anthropology’s attention to birds can allow us to explore often-overlooked possibilities of conceiving and altering the self in the presence of more-than-humans.

Key Questions

  • What does this romance of flying pigeons mean for those who are castigated by society?

  • Why is the seduction of keeping and raising pigeons essential to them when the economic benefits from this sporting practice fall woefully short of its expenses?

Inspirational Texts

Masud, Naiyer. 1997. “The Myna from Peacock Garden [Taos Chaman ki Myna].” Translated by Sagaree Sengupta. The Annual of Urdu Studies 12: 155–92.

Said, Edward W. 1978. Orientalism. London: Penguin Books.

Inspirational Quotes:

His majesty [Wajid Ali Shah, the last Nawab of Lucknow] was this morning carried in his tonjon [palanquin] to the Mahal, and there he and so-and-so (ladies) were entertained with the fights of two pairs of new rams, which fought with great energy, also of some quails. Shawls worth Rs.100 were presented to the jemadar who arranged these fights. His majesty then listened to a new singer, and amused himself afterwards by kite-flying till 4 p.m., when he went to sleep.... Jewan Khan, daroga of the pigeon house, received a khilat of shawls and Rs.2000 for producing a pigeon with one black and one white wing. His majesty recited to Khas Mahal his new poem on the loves of the bulbuls.
— Joseph Frayer, Recollections of My Life (Edinburg and London: William Blackwood and Sons, 1900), pp. 94-95